Bibliography

Total HIV and AIDS expenditure in 2005 was around Z$20.9 trillion, an equivalent of US$209.4 million, which represents about US$150.5 per capital per adult population living with HIV and AIDS. The largest contributors to this expenditure are donors at 49% of the total HIV and AIDS expenditures. This is similar to that found in other countries prior to the surge of external targeted funds for HIV and AIDS, which have undertaken similar studies such as Kenya, Malawi, Rwanda and Zambia. From this analysis, it can be concluded that majority of the funds from Ministry of Health and Child Welfare, local NGOs, UN agencies and international NGOs were mainly used for the provision of prevention and public health programmes for HIV and AIDS whereas spending by people living with HIV and AIDS went directly to health facilities for treatment and care of OIs. The Ministry of Health and Child Welfare (about 54% of the total HIV and AIDS funds) and PLWHA through direct out-of-pocket payments (99% of the total of the total HIV and AIDS funds) were principally responsible for paying for treatment and care of OIs. Donors, international NGOs and local NGOs, on the other hand, were mainly responsible for the payment of provision and administration of prevention and public health programmes for HIV and AIDS and ART in 2005.